| Abstract [eng] |
As society ages, the number of employed decreases, the employment of older people and their inclusion in the labor market becomes a very relevant problem. The master's thesis deals with a problematic issue: the causes of unemployment among older people and the possibilities of reducing it. The object of the research is the unemployment of the elderly. The subject of the research is the causes of unemployment of the elderly in Lithuania. The first chapter of the master's thesis reveals the relevance of the topic and formulates a problematic question. The second chapter provides a theoretical analysis of the topic, presents the concept of unemployment, discusses the causes and consequences of unemployment, the specifics and causes of unemployment of older people and the possibilities of reducing unemployment among these people. The third chapter presents a research methodology to determine the causes of unemployment in older people. The fourth chapter presents the identified causes of unemployment among older people and assesses the possibilities for reducing it. The following are conclusions, which summarize the work and provide insights. The following research methods were used in the preparation of the final master's project: analysis and summary of Lithuanian and foreign authors' scientific literature, legal acts, statistical data analysis, graphical analysis method, Granger causality test, Dicky-Fuler test, cointegration test and ECM model development and quantitative research method - a questionnaire survey, during which 91 elderly persons (over 45 years of age) were interviewed. An analysis of the scientific literature and research data revealed that there is age discrimination among employees, that it increases with the age of the respondents, lower education of individuals and lower income. This was experienced by almost every second (42%) older person who participated in the questionnaire. Higher unemployment exists among older people with lower levels of education. Lower pay for the same work, higher workload, lack of access to education, shorter working hours are all forms of age discrimination experienced by older people in the questionnaire. Every fourth respondent pays low wages, every fifth - lack of work experience, insufficient education and qualifications and negative attitude of employers towards older people, every sixth - technological innovations, lack of job search skills, deteriorating health, lack of mobility, every seventh - high identified travel costs as other important barriers to employment leading to unemployment among older people. The analysis of the questionnaire survey showed that 66 percent. older people see themselves as productive, almost every second wanting innovation, not lacking in motivation at work, and easily adapting to new technologies. 69 percent. people of retirement age would like to continue working even after reaching retirement age because they want to feel like full members of society (43%) 7 because it is difficult to make a living from the pension they receive (35%). The study revealed that one of the most important aspects of work activities is the quality of the relationship between the organization's management and employees, the relationship between the co-workers themselves, as 56 percent. 52% of the respondents stated that the emotional work environment is very important at work. important is the attitude of employers towards the employee. The results of the questionnaire survey showed that the employment or retention of older people in the labor market would be stimulated by state financial support for older people who have created a job for themselves, more than a third of older people, regardless of age and education for those who want to work independently, information about job search methods, vacancies, assistance in preparing a CV and introducing oneself to employers, support for employers who have employed or adapted a job for older people. Enabling these people to find employment is one of the measures to reduce their unemployment and the opportunity to increase their employment and make targeted use of them by reducing the labor shortage in the labor market as society ages. |
