| Abstract [eng] |
This paper presents a multicriteria analysis of the external walls of net-zero-energy single-family frame residential building. The main goal of the work is to investigate the most suitable alternative of the insulation layer, wooden-frame lighting of the outer wall of a low-energy detached house. Five insulation layer alternatives were selected. Quantitative and qualitative indicators were used for the study. Quantitative criteria are expressed in units of measurement and a scoring system has been applied to the qualitative criteria. This work consists of three parts - analysis of scientific literature, research methodology and research part. The first part analyzes scientific articles and various studies conducted by scientists. The technology and prevalence of frame house construction in European countries is analyzed. The second part discusses the research methodology and the alternatives selected for the research. The third part describes the course of the research, the system of evaluation criteria, the evaluation of alternative multi-criteria using COPRAS, TOPSIS and ARAS methods. The first part analyzes the requirements of Lithuania and foreign countries for almost energy-free residential buildings and their partitions. In the part of the analysis of scientific literature, 42 scientific articles on the topics of almost energy-free, panel-frame, frame-modular residential houses were analyzed. The history of wooden structures, demand and development plans in European countries are reviewed. The use of wood in modern building constructions is presented. This work describes the course of research carried out by scientists and the results obtained by them. Examples of external partition structures of panel-frame houses and an analysis of the quantities and static structure of panel-frame and modular houses are presented. The two most commonly used programs for the design of wooden structures were compared. The second part describes the research methodology and the applied multi-criteria evaluation methods and their application in the field of construction. A scheme of multi-criteria evaluation stages has been developed, on the basis of which this work has been carried out. A diagram has been prepared, which graphically depicts how many articles in the period of 2015-2020 about almost energy-free wooden frame residential houses can be found in the Google Scholar database. The main source of research data is an expert survey, the results of which were used to select the most suitable alternative for the external wall insulation material. A questionnaire was developed for the evaluation of the expert survey, in which construction specialists expressed their opinion on the significance of the selection criteria for the insulation material of the external walls of a one-bedroom frame house. Five criteria were selected for this study. Expert opinion is expressed by scoring each criterion. The third part presents the research process, which creates a system of evaluation criteria, multi-criteria evaluation of alternatives using COPRAS, TOPSIS and ARAS methods. Five alternatives were selected for the analysis, which were evaluated according to five indicators: - the market price of the layer; - flammability class, - layer thickness, - thermal conductivity of the layer, - environmental friendliness. Alternatives were evaluated for each method separately. The obtained results were compared with each other. Based on them, suggestions and conclusions are presented. The obtained results can be a source of information for designers looking for an insulation layer alternative to A++ to achieve energy efficiency of the exterior wall of a house, residents who plan to build their own home but do not have a specific decision on the insulation layer or companies that build wooden-frame single-family homes projects. |
