| Abstract [eng] |
Construction industry has a significant impact on the environment. Construction sector is responsible for as much as 40% of world's energy consumption. Cement production accounts for 38% of total greenhouse gas emissions, 12% of global drinking water consumption and 40% of solid waste. High population growth (around 75 million per year), a shortage of civil engineers, various types of pollution, damage caused by natural disasters, and general unrest in the world are linked by a common factor: increased demand for housing. The question therefore arises as to how to build housing with the least possible time and resources, without causing significant impact on the environment. 3D printing can be seen as a solution for these problems. Over the last five years, there has been a growing global debate regarding technological innovation and its application in the construction sector. 3D printing is one of the innovations, with Russia, Germany, the United Arab Emirates, China, and other countries having already applied it to already existing construction methods. Although in many countries, including Lithuania, is seen as distant future, the digitalization) of projects is already underway, opening the path to 3D printing application in construction. The analysis of technical literature, scientific and public information sources was performed in the theoretical part of the final master's thesis. The research methodology section briefly describes the classification of multi-criteria assessment methods and extensively examines selected assessment method (SAW) and its calculation algorithm, as well as the assessment of the consistency of survey participants and the main formulas required for structural calculations in the research part. In the research part, the column shapes were modeled using programs SolidWorks, Fusion360, AutoCAD. Column prototypes were printed using the Cura program. A survey of certified specialists was conducted to determine the significance of the criteria. Based on the obtained significance of the criteria, an empirical study was performed using a simple additive weighted method. The object of the research is the constructions of column prototypes printed with a 3D printer. The aim of this work is to perform a multi-criteria evaluation of column prototypes printed with a 3D printer. Work tasks: 1. To review the achievements of foreign countries in the field of 3D building printing. 2. Analyze 3D printing technology by reviewing research conducted by foreign scientists. 3. Identify the main advantages and disadvantages of automated construction based on current scientific literature. 4. Present the classification of multi-criteria evaluation methods and the evaluation algorithm of the SAW method in the methodological part. 5. Present the evaluation alternatives of the prototypes of the columns printed with a 3D printer of different shapes and to select the most rational variant by utilizing the SAW method. Identify an alternative priority row based on the characteristics of the decision matrix. Research methods: analysis of scientific literature, 3D modeling, survey of expressions, empirical research by SAW method. The main results and conclusions of the research. An empirical study by the SAW method investigated six different column shapes according to the cost of construction materials, printing time, critical tripping force, strength margin, and axial displacement. It was found that the column form no. 4 is most effective for printing it with a 3D printer printing concrete. The master's final project consists of: summaries in Lithuanian and English, introduction, 3 chapters, conclusions, references, list of information sources. The work consists of 71 pages with 13 tables, 37 figures and 7 appendices. |
