| Abstract [eng] |
Any country’s economy could not function without the labor market, which is part of the market economy. Labor market is affected by various economic, social, political, geographical and demographical factors and is faced with different problems that change the situation in the labor market and this makes impact on the country’s economic growth. Therefore, it is essential to identify the problems in the labor market, identify the factors affecting it and determine what impact they have on the labor market. The subject of the thesis is factors and tendencies of the labor market. The objective is to assess the impact and tendencies of the market factors after identifying them. In order for this objective to be achieved, six tasks are set. Firstly, to present the problems prevailing in the labor market, to discuss the structural elements, factors and assessment of problematic areas of the labor market from a theoretical perspective. Secondly, to provide methodology of the research, conduct a research and identify prevailing problems and factors in the Lithuanian labor market and also to anticipate the tendencies of the Lithuanian labor market. The thesis consists of four parts. In the first part, the problems prevailing in the global labor market are discussed together with some statistical data provided. In the second part, structural elements and factors of the labor market are analyzed together with discussion on the assessment of the problematic areas of the labor market from a theoretical aspect. In the third part, the methodology of the assessment study of the factors, problematic areas and tendencies of Lithuanian labor market is provided. In the third part, prevailing problems and factors of the Lithuanian labor market are identified and the tendencies of it are anticipated. The thesis discloses that the main problems prevailing in the global labor market are unemployment and youth unemployment, shadow labor market, lack of qualified labor and discrimination in work place. Generally, labor market is particularly specific and complex market which encompasses labor, labor market subjects and conjuncture – demand and supply of labor. Labor market is also sensitive to internal and external change of factors that determines shifts in labor market, appearance of various issues and alteration of main factors of the labor market – unemployment, employment, labor force, the number of the unemployed and the activity of labor. Research methodology was concluded based on different sources of analyses and conducted research. An expert survey was conducted in order to identify prevailing problems and factors, affecting the Lithuanian labor market. Also, a statistical data analysis was carried out to reveal the situation of the Lithuanian labor market. A correlation analysis was carried out in order to identify whether there is correlation between factors affecting the labor market and its indicators. A regression analysis was carried out to determine how the identified factors make impact on the labor market. After the research was conducted the main problems prevailing in the Lithuanian labor market were determined, which are long-term unemployment, youth unemployment, discrimination in labor market, lack of qualified labor, ineffective regulatory policy of the labor market, shadow labor market and brain drain. The scope and opacity differ in separate Lithuanian regions. The empirical research concluded the factors and their impact on the Lithuanian labor market, even though the analysis of indicators of the labor market showed that the situation of the labor market has improved in previous years. The main factor affecting the indicators of the Lithuanian labor market is change of salary, distribution of income between men and women, birth rate, number of immigrants, distribution of residence between urban and rural areas, average lifespan, shift in social security benefits. Based on the results it can be concluded that in order to achieve better situation in the labor market there is a need to take into consideration the acting factors and problems prevailing in the labor market and also to adjust the socio-economic politics in Lithuania. |
