| Abstract [eng] |
The Master's Thesis explores tax optimization opportunities in international business through offshore companies. An analysis of the topic reveals the possibilities of tax optimization in international business, using offshore companies and in order to ensure the efficiency of the company's operations. The object of the project is the possibility of tax optimization by using offshore companies. The aim of the project is to analyze the possibilities of tax optimization in international trade by using offshore companies. 1) to analyze trading activities of JSC \"Ameks\", identifying the problematic area of the import and export sector; 2) to study the possibilities of tax optimization in international trade, using side companies, theoretical aspects; 3) to evaluate the practical aspects of the activities of JSC Ameks; 4) to assess the possibilities of tax optimization of companies in the import and export sector through the use of cross-border companies. The paper deals with the analysis of scientific literature in order to reveal the concept of offshore company, the disadvantages and advantages of this activity, investigates the specifics of tax optimization using offshore companies, examines the problematic aspects of the opinions of scientists on the possibilities of tax optimization in international business, using offshore companies. SWOT analysis is used to identify problem areas related to the use of offshore companies for tax optimization. An expert survey is used to reveal the business process and tax optimization opportunities of offshore companies. Five representatives of the sector were interviewed during this study. The tax analysis of the company in question is carried out in order to determine the extent to which the company saves profits and other taxes through the opportunities offered by the offshore company. Experts suggest using a mailbox model or two-part offshore company when it comes to selling physical products. However, not all jurisdictions have a structure for trading accounts. The main problems encountered in saving tax through an offshore company are the problem of double taxation, the opening of bank accounts, the transfer from offshore to the core, the lack of transparency. In the case of JSC \"Ameks\" it is appropriate to set up offshore companies in Hong Kong, Singapore and the Virgin Islands. There are taxes on profits in Hong Kong and Singapore, but there are no other taxes, and the Virgin Islands are a zero-tax area. Two main models are distinguished - mailboxes and hybrid models. In assessing the results of the research and numerical expressions, it was found that the most appropriate offshore companies were established in zero tax zones. However, offshore jurisdictions, even with regard to tax optimization, are also worth considering under more criteria. The results of an expert study revealed that the reputation of offshore jurisdictions is also very important. Another relevant criterion is related to the opening of trading accounts. Other criteria that would also be useful to judge which jurisdiction to choose is legal stability, political certainty, reliable partners, the abundance of consulting firms, well-developed banking sector. So, tax rates alone do not determine whether in practice the tax will succeed in optimizing. |
