| Abstract [eng] |
The main objective of the study is to determine the effect of additional aerodynamic elements on different car bodies, knowing the aerodynamic characteristics of bodies with elements, the compositions are formed. The analyzed information and scientific literature sources study individual elements or compositions for one body, but do not compare the impact of elements on different cars or bodies. Additional aerodynamic elements have a different effect on sedans, station wagons and coupes, therefore optimal compositions are formed for each body. The compositions consist of: rear lip, wing, small front lip, sports front lip, low-angle diffuser and sports diffuser. Car models are designed using the "SolidWorks 2025" software, according to the overall dimensions of the "BMW F30", but the design elements are designed taking into account design elements of new production models of various manufacturers. Additional aerodynamic elements are designed after reviewing existing applicable aerodynamic elements, all details are original, not copied from existing ones. Models of cars and additional aerodynamic elements are considered generic, simplified, because cavities in reality are not evaluated. The studies were carried out using the "SolidWorks 2025" software and the "FlowSimulation" package, the movement of the road surface and the rotation of the wheels, corresponding to the air flow speed, were evaluated. The results were compared between bodies and in isolation, subtracting the aerodynamic characteristics of the base car body from the car with additional aerodynamic elements and their compositions. A study of individual elements found that the rear upper elements have the greatest impact on the aerodynamic characteristics of cars. The element sets are designed for street and sports cars, both with the goal of generating as much additional downforce as possible. The composition that provides the most downforce to the body of the street car consists of a small front lip and a rear fairing. For the sports station wagon and coupe, the composition of the rear lip and the sports front lip generated the most downforce, and for the sedan, the wing and sports lip set. The diffusers designed for the research did not provide downforce to the bodies. The compositions of the station wagon street car with a rear lip did not lag behind the sports configurations. The sports configuration of the sedan outperformed the street car by up to 40%, the coupe only by 20%. The diffuser, although it directed air upwards according to the airflow lines, did not generate downforce, so it is believed that the geometry or position of the element is not optimal. |
