| Abstract [eng] |
The object of this research is the conceptual metaphors in Lithuanian and in Russian subtitles of U.S. sports films. The aim is to conduct comparative analysis of translation strategies used to translate conceptual metaphors in the subtitles of US sports films to Lithuanian and to Russian. To achieve the aim the following objectives were set: • to define the subtitling as a part of audiovisual translation (AVT); • to define conceptual metaphor and metaphor translation strategies; • to identify types of conceptual metaphor in US sports films and translation strategies used to translate them in Lithuanian and in Russian; • to analyse the translation strategies used to translate conceptual metaphors from English to Lithuanian and to Russian and to conduct the comparative analysis of them. Descriptive and comparative analysis, as well as, Steen’s five-step conceptual metaphor identification procedure are used in the thesis. The research consists of the analysis of three US sports films. 390 examples were collected. 130 in English, 130 in Lithuanian and 130 in Russian. In order to perform the analysis of the conceptual metaphor translation strategies, conceptual metaphors has to be identified and classified. To identify them, Steen’s five-step conceptual metaphor identification procedure is used. Metaphors are classified according to Lakoff’s and Johnson’s conceptual metaphor classification which suggests that there are three types: structural conceptual, orientational conceptual and ontological conceptual metaphors. After they are identified and classified, the analysis of the use of conceptual metaphor translation strategies in Lithuanian and in Russian subtitles is carried out. It is based on the classification that consists of Lindquist’s (2002) metaphor translation taxonomy, modified by Pedersen (2015). It is indicated in the theoretical part 1.5. Based on the research, the following conclusions are drawn: • Subtitles are a written realization of the source language in translation of films, TV series and other audiovisual products. Subtitling pose many difficulties for a translator as he/she is forced to comply with the technical, textual and linguistic constraints. A shift of mode from a speech to a written text is also challenging, as the translator has to decide what should be omitted or condensed, so the message presented in the source text is correctly conveyed in the target language. • The most dominant type of conceptual metaphor found in the US sports films is structural conceptual metaphor. Almost three quarters of the metaphorical expressions in the SL are cases of structural conceptual metaphor. The most commonly found structural conceptual metaphors are SPORTS IS A WAR and SPORTS IS A BUSINESS. Three fifths of the metaphorical expressions are the cases of the first structural conceptual metaphor and a quarter of cases of the second detected in the original dialogues of the films. • The most commonly used translation strategy to translate conceptual metaphors from English to Lithuanian is word-for-word translation. Almost half of the metaphorical translations are translated using this translation strategy. Paraphrase is quite frequently used translation strategy as well. More than a third of the metaphorical expressions are translated using paraphrase. Less frequently used translation strategies are substitution, complete omission and retention. • In translation from English to Russian, almost a half of metaphorical expressions are translated using word-for-word translation. One third of the metaphorical expressions are translated using paraphrase. Other translation strategies are not that common in conceptual metaphor translation. • Finally, the analysis revealed that, although in some cases Lithuanian and Russian translators tend to translate the same metaphorical expressions using different translation strategies, in overall, there is no significant difference in the use of translation strategies in Lithuanian and in Russian subtitles. It should be noted that the choice of translation strategies in Lithuanian and in Russian subtitles is similar. It is based on the context or any other criteria of his/her translation. Translators decide which translation strategy fits the translated metaphorical expression best. This is based on the understanding that Lithuanian and Russian cultural models of metaphor are quite similar. Thus, research confirmed the hypothesis that there is no significant difference in use of translation strategies in Lithuanian and in Russian subtitles, because the cultural models in both languages are very similar. Thesis consists of the theoretical part, which overviews subtitling in AVT, conceptual metaphors and metaphor translation strategies, practical part, where analysis of the conceptual metaphor and its translation strategies is carried out. Researched is summarized by several conclusions. |
