| Abstract [eng] |
The topic of the Master‘s final project is „Production Technology of Complex Bulk Nitrogen-Phosphorus Fertilizers with Zinc“. After choosing ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, which is becoming more and more popular and annually increasing its global production volume, and after examining the production technology of this fertilizer, it was wanted to improve crystalline fertilizer by adding selected microelement zinc during granulating. Zinc is needed by the plant as a regulator of proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, responsible for phosphorus metabolism, biosynthesis of vitamins and auxins. As the lack of micronutrients is felt in the soil, the deficiency of zinc and other micronutrients is a serious problem for obtaining an abundant and high-quality harvest, but also a global health problem. If successful, the granulated fertilizer would not only be enriched with micronutrients, but would also change its external form and acquire new properties. The project work investigated the interaction of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate with zinc sulfate and zinc chelate – materials chosen as a useful source of the trace element and wanted to investigate whether the mixture of products is suitable for granulation. In the laboratory, crystalline ammonium dihydrogen phosphate fertilizers were granulated using a drum granulator-dryer as the main device and the physico-chemical properties of the granulated product were investigated. Simultaneous thermal analysis (VTA) was performed to determine the thermal stability of the raw materials used for granulation and the granulated product, X-ray diffraction analysis (RSDA) was performed to determine the chemical composition, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was performed to determine the spherical shape of the particles. To determine the chemical connections and functional groups of the product and raw materials, whether a chemical reaction occurs during granulation and new compounds are not formed, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was performed. To determine the physical properties of the granular samples, measurements of moisture content, bulk density, pH of 10% solutions, static strength of granules and hygroscopicity were performed. It was established that the granulometric composition of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate with micronutrient depends on the concentration and amount of the binder (potato starch solution) used. The granulation process was most efficient when the raw materials were granulated with zinc sulfate using a 2% starch solution, and its amount in the total mixture of raw materials is 22.5%. In the final project, the technological scheme for the production of granular ammonium dihydrogen phosphate with zinc is presented, the main parameters and material and heat balances of the main device, drum granulator-dryer are calculated. The financial flows required for the production of the project, building plan with evacuation plan, building drawings, general site plan in the company territory, engineering solutions, environmental assessment and information on worker safety and health issues are also presented. |
