| Abstract [eng] |
With the increasing threat and the growing activity of Russian cyber fraudsters, who disconnected parks with 5,800 and 2,000 wind turbines in Germany and Austria, as well as Russian ships sabotaging the infrastructure of offshore wind parks in the North Sea, it is crucial to take cybersecurity measures to ensure the effective and secure operation of such parks. It becomes especially relevant that in the Baltic Sea, by 2028, two 700 MW offshore wind parks are expected to open, with a total capacity of 1400 MW. To enhance the cybersecurity resilience of wind turbines, this master's thesis examines the cyber resilience of wind turbines and its evaluation methodologies. The thesis reviews topics such as cyber security management of wind turbines, security practices, targets and consequences of cyber attacks. The research presented in this thesis applies a methodology for evaluating the cyber resilience of wind turbines, which was combined with an necessary investment methodology for cyber security. The cyber attack model was developed using Bayesian attack graphs, and the Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS) was used for software and system vulnerability scoring. The average time to disruption and average repair time were then calculated by using CVSS score. In the theoretical part, after revealing the potential impact of wind turbines on the stability of the power grid, it was decided to investigate the influence of wind parks affected by cyber and physical attacks on the stability of Lithuania's power grid.. The PSS/E program was chosen to examine the influence of planned disconnections and short-circuits of 700 MW wind parks in Lithuania on the stability of the Lithuanian power grid. |
