| Abstract [eng] |
Summary The aim of the final project is to perform a multi-criteria evaluation of the efficiency of beam bridge beams. The objectives of the project are to analyze the main types of bridges, to study the technologies of beam bridge construction, to analyze the materials used in Europe and Lithuania, to perform a multi-criteria evaluation of beam bridge girder efficiency using SAW (Simple Additive Weighting) method. The final project consists of 3 parts. The first is the analysis of scientific articles, the second is the analysis of the SAW method, and the third is the multicriteria evaluation of beam bridge beams. The theoretical part analyzes the bridge girder, arch, cable, cable, truss and wooden bridges, their constructional schemes, describes the underground elements, above-ground elements, their supporting elements and the structural schemes themselves. Further in the work, more attention is paid to the structural analysis of beam bridges. Technologies and abundance of pole foundations, grate, torso / columns, beams, support cushions, support bearings, beams, and deck decking were reviewed. Materials used in the construction of beam bridges, such as steel reinforcement, fiberglass reinforcement, concrete and its additives, were also investigated. Material comparison tables have been compiled. An analysis of the consistency of the experts' opinions was carried out, where certified specialists working with bridges and roads were interviewed, who expressed their opinion on the importance of the evaluation criteria for the beams. A computational scheme of a beam bridge has been developed. Using Robot Structural Analysis Professional 2019, the loads acting on the most exploited beam were calculated and rational beam profiles were selected. 6 floor elements were compared in the work: 2 double type steel profiles - HEA700 and HEB500, 2 T-shaped concrete beams, one of which is reinforced with steel, the other with glass-basalt fiber reinforcement and 2 concrete floor slabs, one of which is reinforced with steel, the other - glass-basalt fiber reinforcement. Beam weights, prices, load-bearing capacity utilization, installation prices were calculated. Based on the obtained results, a multi-criteria evaluation of the beams was performed and a series of priorities was formed. The main conclusions of the work: After the analysis of scientific sources, it was investigated that several of the main bridge construction technologies prevail in the world - beam, arch, cable, suspension, truss and wooden bridge technologies. The main difference between all technology bridges is the floor (deck) support scheme. The construction of the beam bridge begins with the drilled CFA piles, then the grate, beams, anchors, anchored beams or slabs are installed, the screeds are laid, the waterproofing is laid and the asphalt concrete is laid. The formaphime of the bridge accesses starts from the sleepers, then the transition plates lie on them. Further installation of accesses is no different from installation of a floor - concreting of leveling layers, insulation gluing, laying of asphalt concrete. The most rational beam compared to the SAW method was obtained from the HEB500. |
