| Abstract [eng] |
This master's final degree project presents the production technology of bioactive liquid fertilizers. Liquid fertilizers are various solutions that are produced during the extraction process of mineral fertilizers or by mixing aqueous solutions which do not contain undissolved substances. In these fertilizers, the nutrient ratio is chosen specifically according to the biological properties and physiological needs of plant nutrition. The hormonal system, which acts on the cell, tissue, and whole plant, has a great impact on the growth and development of a plant. In order to change plant growth and development in a certain direction, growth regulators that alter plant hormones and their levels in different parts of the plant are used. These are biologically active substances whose even very small amounts cause sufficiently large changes in the processes of plant growth and development. These substances increase the resistance of plants to diseases, pests and adverse climatic conditions, as well as stimulate better absorption of nutrients. For this reason, the required amount of fertilizer is reduced and at the same time, it contributes to addressing ecosystem sustainability issues. One of such bioactive substances which are amino acids can be incorporated into the soil or sprayed on the leaves. Amino acids are easily absorbed and used directly in protein synthesis, thus quickly eliminating nutrient deficiencies in the plant. In the production technology of liquid fertilizers, the compatibility and solubility of salts is a very important indicator when choosing the chemical composition of liquid fertilizers, and one of the main characteristics of liquid fertilizers is the crystallization temperature. When conducting solubility studies of various salt systems, the composition of liquid fertilizer can be determined according to the concentration of saturated solutions that crystallize at 0 ℃. This final project aims to investigate and evaluate the influence of amino acids on liquid nitrogen calcium magnesium fertilizers. The object of the project is bioactive liquid nitrogen calcium magnesium fertilizers. This project presents a literature review on the need, purpose, physicochemical properties of liquid fertilizers, the theoretical basis, methods and technologies of their production. Under laboratory conditions, liquid nitrogen calcium magnesium fertilizers were prepared by decomposing dolomite with nitric acid, neutralizing the resulting solution with ammonia water, and adding nitrogen-containing components. In order to increase the efficiency of these fertilizers, the amino acid concentrate Naturamin-WSP was used. Fertilizer samples with different amino acid concentrations were prepared and the most important properties of bioactive liquid fertilizers were determined. These are chemical composition, crystallization temperature, pH, viscosity, etc. The engineering part presents the recommended bioactive liquid nitrogen calcium magnesium fertilizer production technology and the calculations of a mixer. At the end of the final project, the information on the safety and health of workers is provided, and conclusions that correspond to the objectives formulated at the beginning of the project are reached. |
