| Abstract [eng] |
In Lithuania, Braille has recently been widely used on paperboard packages, forming it by embossing. The printing types (screen printing, thermography, digital printing) that can be applied for different materials, such as polymer, textile, Al foil, were investigated in this work. The obtained research findings assessed the stability of physical mechanical parameters of Braille dot and relief elements under different materials, Braille forming types and performance conditions. The geometrical and physical parameters of Braille dots were investigated using special inks and varnish. Optimal technological printing parameters of Braille were determined. The distribution of stresses was investigated in the products with Braille and relief elements that affect the durability of the products. A microscopic analysis, the method of thermal analysis of inks, photoelasticity methods, statistical analysis of data and FEM were used for the research. The qualitative analysis of Braille dots surfaces was carried out under the effect of mechanical impact, temperature factors and ageing. The effect of technological factors to Braille geometrical parameters was determined. The suitability of ink composition for screen printing was investigated by applying the method of thermal analysis. The methodology was expanded using FEM that allows to assess the distributions of stresses in polymeric materials with Braille and relief elements. The numerical research and photoelasticity experiments provided a possibility for a more detailed analysis of the areas of stresses in polymeric materials. The obtained results can be applied for the development of packages and labels with Braille and relief elements. |
