| Abstract [eng] |
The processing of plant-based raw materials in the food industry and making various food products often results by-products. In the technological processing of juices, the by-producst are used not efficienly, because some of pomace are simply disposed in waste, composted or used for animal feed. According to scientific researches, pomace of honeysuckle are rich of bioactive compounds. This is why, from both, an ecological and economical point of view, the waste of pomace is not the right solution, because large amounts of concentrated wastes in a small area can pose a risk of pollution (ammonia, hydrogen sulphide, volatile organic compound and etc. are released into air); also the storage of waste is loss-making, because it takes a lot of area to storage and its maintenance require additional cost. Meanwhile, pomace of honeysuckle can be recycle using efficient technologies into excellent and value product that have a positive effect on human health. The aim of this Master’s project was to develop sustainable honeysuckle (Lonicera caerulea) mikroencapsulation technology and to evaluate the antioxidant capacity, phytochemical composition of juices, pomace and extracts. Firstly, honeysuckle berries were pressed to separate juice from the pomace; the latter were dried and consecutively extracted by supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) and pressurized liquid (PLE) extraction methods; the latter was applied to the whole pomace and to after SC-CO2 residue consecutively using ethanol and water. Proximate analysis showed that dried honeysyckle pomace contain: moisture 11,2 %, lipids 11,7 %, proteins 10,4 % ash 5,3 % and crude fibers – 8,2 % was determined by the official AOAC methods. Antioxidant properties of the juice and extracts were evaluated by the DPPH•, ABTS•+ scavenging and ORAC assays and the results are expressed in mg Trolox equivalents per gram, total phenolic content (TPC) was determined by Folin-Ciocalteu methods adn the results are expressed in mg of gallic acid equivalent per gram. The extracts were subjected to the tradinional procedure and to solid fraction – QUENCHER procedure. The composition of fatty acids and volatile compounds in extracts was determined by gas chromatography, triacylglycerols, ascorbic acid, anthocyanins by ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) coupled with time-of-flight mass spectrometer (Q-TOF). The composition of volatiles of honeysuckle extracts was analyzed by GC-TOF/MS. Fatty acids in SC-CO2 extract were oleic, palmitic, linoleic, caproic, caprylic, capric, and myristic acids, while the main identified triacylglycerols were LLLn, LLL, OLL, OOL, OOO, PLL, PLO, POO. Six anthocyanins were identified in honeysuckle juice, cyanidin-3-glucoside being the main anthocyanin. More than 50 volatile compounds, consisting of alkanes, aldehydes, monocarboxylic acids, esters, alcohols, terpenes, aromatics and others, were identified in honeysuckle extracts. The major compound constituted 47.2 and 42.3% of total volatiles was only tentatively identified as nalkane dotriacontane in SC-CO2 extract. Using the experimental planning methodology of surface response was developed microencapsulation plan. On the basis of plan were determined optimal microencapsulation conditions by determing maximum efficiency and yiealds of anthocyanins by optimizing the amounts of maltodextrin and soy protein isolate. |
