| Abstract [eng] |
Recently the usage of technology and IT programs has grown as well as trust in computer systems. That is why we can asume that technology has influence in accounting, audit and in the investigation of fraud risk factors. Digitization can create new bases, in which accountants and managers could find flaws and manipulate them to financial and non-financial results of the company. Also in today's accounting, due to the digitization of processes, there are more and more new and more diverse types of fraud. This can lead to scams that can be difficult to detect. According to an ACFE study, fraud can cost companies an average of 5% of their gross revenue. Fraud can also hurt a company’s shareholders, creditors and other stakeholders. The detection of fraud damages the company's reputation, so interested shareholders can change their decision and refuse to invest in a company where fraud risk factors have been detected. As a result, these factors require changes in audit techniques to detect fraud. The object of this study are fraud risk factors. The aim of the research is to make a theoretically review how digitization has influenced the emergence of new fraud types and to develop a model of a recommendatory nature, which enables the study of fraud risk factors using the digital environment. The focus of empirical research is case studies. Four joint stock companies from two different sectors (electronics manufacturing and retail) were selected for the study, whose financial statements, annual reports and other information can be found in the digital environment (i.e. online, various databases such as Bloomberg, etc.). Two of them are accused of committing fraud, the other two are not. After analyzing the theoretical solutions, a model was developed to detect fraud risk factors for those companies whose reports can be found in the digital environment. This model focuses on two types of indicators, namely: • financial - check loan dependency, statistical financial and dynamic analysis, changes in accounting policies; • performance - personnel change, change of management, market capitalization, audit company, probability of bankruptcy. After analyzing the fraud cases of Toshiba and Tesco, a fraud risk factor study was performed using the developed model. Fujitsu is a competitor of Toshiba, and for this reason it has been investigated whether there is a risk of fraud at Fujitsu. The period analyzed is 2008-2019, as the period of Toshiba fraud was 2009-2014. The analysis led to the conclusion that the company has a average risk of fraud. The model has also been adapted to investigate whether there is a risk of fraud at Marks & Spencer, a competitor of Tesco. The analyzed period is 2011 - 2019. M & S's performance was compared to Tesco's performance both during and after the fraud was uncovered. The investigation found that the risk of fraud in the company was low. |
