| Abstract [eng] |
An integrative literature review and worldwide multivariate analysis of transport indicators were conducted in the present thesis. Approximately two hundred cities distributed over sixty countries were examined. The present worldwide transport analysis contains socio-information of the population, the working population, the annual growth rate (% increase in population), the income level (GDP per capita), the car ownership (cars per 1000 inhabitants), the higher education level (% post-secondary attainment), and the culture dimensions (POD, UNC, IND/COL, MAS/FEM, LTO). On top of that, the analysis contains technical information of the population density (spatial area in sq. km), the land area (sq.km), each infrastructure accessibility (infrastructure length per inhabitants), design parameters for each infrastructure (network circuity, network connectivity, network centrality, network clustering coefficient). User preferences are assessed through the collected transport mode usage (% share). Also, in order to assess the transport performance, specific data is used for the analysis as the transport mode usage (% share), congestion level (extra travel time per day with respect to the free-floating traffic scenario), travelled commuter distances by modes (km), specific energy consumption for different transport modes and transport-related CO2 emissions of cities. The results have been evaluated and the socio-technical association scheme for urban mobility were introduced in Sec. 4.6 as sum of worldwide analysis and literature review. Sociotechnical factors recognize the interaction between people and technical factors in complex systems. Focusing on people, the present thesis analysed how these factors interact with each other in turn create a user profile. Urban travel mode preferences are investigated worldwide and associated with other factors. User preference is vital since travel mode shift towards public-transit and non-motorised modes is one of the key path to minimize socio-economic and environmental impacts. Understanding which alternative travel mode can sustain under different social conditions and how to attract travel users towards sustainable modes are the first leg of sustainable transportation planning. Focusing on technical part, two key factors and their interrelation has been investigated: land use and transport infrastructure accessibility that shapes user profile and transport performance. Land use and transport infrastructure conditions (accessibility and design) of urban areas were compared, controlled under different socio-economic conditions and modelled to estimate three main performance indicators: congestion, transport-related energy consumption and transport-related CO2 emissions of cities, which are important sustainability benchmarks of an urban transport system. Understanding under which technical conditions a mobility system can minimize travel costs and environmental impact is the second leg of sustainable transportation planning. Examining similarities and differences within worldwide cities and understanding how these cities shaped by socio-technical factors demonstrated which mobility strategies can sustain under different socio-technical conditions. |
