| Abstract [eng] |
Antioxidants are compounds capable of inhibiting the oxidative processes that occur due to the formation of atmospheric oxygen or reactive oxygen forms in cells. They provide general antioxidant activity and used to stabilize food, cosmetics and pharmaceuticals, and also participate in organisms defense mechanisms against free radicals, protects nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids from oxidation, reduces chronic diseases, heart disease, reduces cancer risk. These antioxidants are in medicinal plants, but their amounts are unstable and small, and chemical compounds synthesis is difficult. For these reasons, biotechnology is used to improve and increase the production of antioxidants in plants. Plant cells, tissues and organ cultures formed and regenerated in vitro. Different growth hormones and elicitors used in media for the formation of callus cultures. There is no universal medium to get the callus culture of any plant. In this work described studies with Lamiaceae family plants (hyssop (Hyssopus officinalis L.), thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.), French lavender (Lavandula stoechas L.), and English lavender (Lavandula angustifolia L.)). These plants callus cultures were formed using different growth hormones, elicitors. In different callus cultures, in vitro and in vivo plants were determined by pigments levels (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoids), antioxidant activity (DPPH, FRAP, and reducing antioxidant power), total phenolic compounds, flavonoids, enzymatic antioxidant activity (superoxide dismutase, catalase and ascorbate peroxidase), L-proline, malondialdehyde and antibacterial activity against Rhizobium radiobacter, Escherichia coli, Xanthomonas campestris and Listeria monocytogenes. It was determined that the highest amount of carotenoids (60.5 ± 0.1 mg/ 100g) has been accumulated in MS medium with Thymus vulgaris L. in vitro. Lavandula stoechas L. callus cultures formed from leaves in MS medium with 2 mg/l BAP and 2 mg/l IBA characterized by high enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant activity. The highest amount of amino acid L-proline had been accumulated in Lavandula stoechas L. callus cultures formed from stems (18.83 ± 3.6 mM/g) in MS medium with 0.5 mg/l BAP and 1 mg/l NAA. The highest amount of malondialdehyde has been accumulated the Lavandula stoechas L. callus cultures which formed from leaves (0.88 ± 0.19 µmol/g) in MS medium with 0.5 mg/l BAP and 1 mg/l NAA. Hyssopus officinalis L. in vivo plants were shown the highest antibacterial activity against Rhizobium radiobacter, Escherichia coli, and Xanthomonas campestris. Lavandula stoechas L. callus cultures formed in MS medium with 1 mg/l kinetin and 2 mg/l IBA were shown the highest antibacterial activity against Listeria monocytogenes. |
