| Abstract [eng] |
This investigation is about the formation of secondary metabolites in Asteraceae family plants marigold, yarrow, safflower when they are grown in vitro with different variations of phytohormones. We choose methods with which levels of antioxidant activity, flavonoids, phenols, carotenoids, proline, MDA were identified. In addition activity of enzyme catalase, superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidases, antibacterial properties were measured. By growing plant tissues in vitro we can increase the quantity of secondary metabolites. This research is key for pharmaceutical, cosmetics and food industries. Based on past research we choose different variations of phytohormones concentration. For marigold: BAP (2.5 mg/l) + NAR (0.5 mg/l); IAR (0.1 mg/l) + BAP (1 mg/l); IAR (0.1 mg/l) + TDZ (0.5 mg/l). Yarrow: BAP (2.4 mg/l) + NAR (0.5 mg/l) and TDZ (0.75 mg/l). Safflower: TDZ (0.5 mg/l) + NAR (0.2 mg/l); NAR (5 mg/l) + BAP (0.25 mg/l); BAP (1.8 mg/l) + 2.4 – D (0.3 mg/l) + casein 0.1 %. According to the results best phytohormones option for increasing antioxidant activity for marigold was MS media with IAR (0.1 mg/l) + BAP (1 mg/l); yarrow TDZ (0.75 mg/l); in growing safflower in vitro all variations of phytohormones were significantly better than growing the plant in vivo, however the difference between variations of phythohormones were insignificant. Out of all measured secondary metabolites enzyme catalase had the largest increase compared with growing the plant in vivo while using the same phytohormones as when measuring antioxidant activity. The best antibacterial activity in marigold extract was produced against Bacillus subtilis bacteria when MS media with IAR (0.1 mg/l) + TDZ (0.5 mg/l) were used. The best yarrow extract was against Rhizobium radiobacter bacteria with phytohormones BAP (2.4 mg/l) + NAR (0.5 mg/l). Safflowers best antibacterial activity was found against Xanthomonas campestris bacteria, when phytohomones TDZ (0.5 mg/l) + NAR (0.2 mg/l) were used. |
