Title Natural fiber-based bilayer knitted fabrics with flame-resistant and antibacterial properties for protective clothing
Authors Sarwar, Muhammad Ehtisham ; Milasius, Rimvydas
DOI 10.1080/15440478.2026.2711501
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Is Part of Journal of natural fibers.. Philadelphia, PA : Taylor & Francis. 2026, vol. 23, iss. 1, art. no. 2711501, p. 1-27.. ISSN 1544-0478. eISSN 1544-046X
Keywords [eng] comfort properties ; Flame-resistant textiles ; knitted structures ; Natural bamboo fiber ; protective clothing ; protex fiber
Abstract [eng] The development of flame-resistant and comfortable textile materials is essential for advanced protective clothing applications. This study investigates the development of double-layer interlock knitted fabrics using natural bamboo fibers and modacrylic Protex yarns to evaluate the influence of fiber blend ratio and fabric structure on physical, mechanical, comfort, and functional performance. Three fabric structures plain single jersey/plain single jersey (PS/PS), plain single jersey/cross tuck (PS/CT), and plain single jersey/cross miss (PS/CM)–were produced using three bamboo/Protex blend ratios (50:50, 40:60, and 60:40). Yarn characterization revealed that bamboo yarn exhibited higher lea strength (2963), whereas Protex yarn demonstrated greater tenacity (3.8 g/denier) and elongation (17%). Fabric structural parameters showed Wales per inch of 26–32 and courses per inch of 38–44, with stitch density ranging from 161 to 218 stitches/cm2. Fabric weight ranged from 251 to 287 g/m2 and thickness from 0.84 to 1.10 mm. The highest bursting strength (792.9 kPa) was observed in the PS/CM (50:50) structure. Antibacterial testing confirmed inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus, while fabrics with higher Protex content exhibited zero after-flame and after-glow times, demonstrating suitability for protective textile applications.
Published Philadelphia, PA : Taylor & Francis
Type Journal article
Language English
Publication date 2026
CC license CC license description