| Title |
Graphene-enabled vapor-phase SERS detection of lithium-ion battery electrolytes on periodic Ag nanoparticle multimer arrays |
| Authors |
Moussavi, Maziar ; Monshi, Marjan ; Klyvis, Gvidas ; Mikalkevičius, Mantas ; Juodėnas, Mindaugas ; Tamulevičius, Tomas ; Tamulevičius, Sigitas |
| DOI |
10.1021/acsami.6c08906 |
| Full Text |
|
| Is Part of |
ACS Applied materials and interfaces.. Washington : American Chemical Society. 2026, vol. 18, iss. 31, p. 43345-43356.. ISSN 1944-8244. eISSN 1944-8252 |
| Keywords [eng] |
electrolyte vapor detection ; graphene ; hot-press transfer ; lithium-ion battery electrolyte leakage ; plasmonic hot spots ; silver nanoparticle arrays ; vapor-phase SERS |
| Abstract [eng] |
Early detection of lithium-ion battery (LIB) electrolyte leakage in the vapor phase is important for battery safety, yet vapor-phase surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) remains challenging because weak gas–surface interactions limit analyte residence within plasmonic hot spots. Here, we report a hybrid graphene/plasmonic SERS platform for vapor-phase detection of LIB electrolyte components based on periodic Ag nanoparticle (AgNP) multimer arrays integrated with a monolayer graphene overlayer. The substrate is fabricated by capillary-assisted particle assembly (CAPA) followed by a unified poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)-assisted hot-press transfer process, enabling both the transfer of ordered AgNP arrays to glass and spatially selective graphene integration. This approach preserves nanoscale ordering while creating a four-region architecture on a single chip, allowing the individual and combined contributions of graphene and the plasmonic array to be evaluated under identical vapor-exposure conditions. Optical characterization shows a broadband plasmonic response dominated by interparticle coupling within AgNP multimers, with spectral overlap across the 532 nm excitation and Raman-scattering window. Upon exposure to vapors from a commercial LiPF6 electrolyte containing ethylene carbonate (EC) and ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC), no analyte-attributable Raman features are observed from bare glass, graphene on glass, or the AgNP array alone. In contrast, the graphene-coated AgNP region yields clear vapor-phase Raman signatures assignable to both EC and EMC. These results show that detectable vapor-phase electrolyte signatures emerge only from the combined graphene–plasmonic architecture, consistent with a hybrid interfacial effect in which graphene may increase the local surface population of volatile molecules while the AgNP multimers provide localized electromagnetic enhancement. This work establishes a scalable hybrid-transfer strategy for ordered vapor-phase SERS substrates and highlights graphene-coated plasmonic arrays as promising material platforms for molecularly specific LIB leak detection. |
| Published |
Washington : American Chemical Society |
| Type |
Journal article |
| Language |
English |
| Publication date |
2026 |
| CC license |
|
