| Abstract [eng] |
This article is dedicated to the analysis of clusters and methodological aspects for evaluation of their contribution to the competitiveness of economy sectors. The conception of clusters is associated with the last (7-8th) decades of the 20th century, when competitive sectoral networks started to form and develop in the USA and Europe. These networks embraced traditional sectors (for example, chair cluster in Italy) and high-tech sectors (for example, Silicon Valley in the USA). It is quite obvious that economic value of these networks and interorganizational relations are enormous for clusters tend to improve productivity, innovative potential, entrepreneurial abilities and competitiveness of companies. In general, the widespread conception of competitiveness is associated with comparative (relative) social, economic, political, technological and other positions of companies, sectors and countries with regard to other companies, sectors and countries. Competitiveness is also a complex phenomenon of economy which has at least three dimensions: 1) macro, 2) mezzo, 3) micro. Macro level is associated with national economy, mezzo level – with regional or sectoral economy, micro level – with companies or business units. Each level has its own specifics and unique indicators that are used in the process of competitiveness evaluation. [...]. |
