| Abstract [eng] |
Sage (Salvia officinalis L.) and rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) are widely used medicinal plants that produce large amounts of phytochemical compounds, such as terpenes and phenolic compounds. These compounds possess antioxidant, antimicrobial and other valuable properties, however, under natural conditions their synthesis depends on various biotic and abiotic factors. In vitro callus culture technology has high potential for bioactive plant metabolite synthesis as well as antioxidant activity enhancement and stabilization. The study evaluated and compared the phytochemical activity of in vivo leaf extracts of dried and freeze-dried rosemary as well as dried sage in addition to in vitro callus culture extracts of these plants. The influence of various combinations and concentrations of growth regulators (1-naphthaleneacetic acid, 3-indoleacetic acid, 6-benzylaminopurine, thidiazuron, kinetin and melatonin) on the phytochemical activity of in vitro callus cultures of these plants was also determined. The antioxidant activity of the extracts was determined by spectrophotometric methods, using FRAP, DPPH, ABTS and reducing power assays. The activity of an antioxidant enzyme SOD and the concentrations of bioactive metabolites (phenolic compounds, flavonoids, reduced glutathione, L-proline and malondialdehyde) were also evaluated. The antibacterial properties of the extracts were determined by agar diffusion method. In vivo cultures of sage and rosemary leaves and in vitro callus culture of sage grown with TDZ (0.5 mg/L), IAA (0.1 mg/L) and melatonin (0.1 μM) were characterized as having the highest antioxidant activity. The highest SOD activity was determined in in vitro culture of sage developed with BAP (0.2 mg/L) and NAA (0.1 mg/L). The highest concentrations of bioactive metabolites were observed in the in vivo sage culture and in vitro callus cultures of both plants grown with TDZ (0.5 mg/L) and IAA (0.1 mg/L). The combination of these growth regulators and melatonin (0.1 μM) in in vitro cultures of both plants resulted in high concentrations of bioactive metabolites, the highest concentrations of malondialdehyde and the strongest antibacterial properties. |
