| Abstract [eng] |
Sambucus nigra L., which belongs to Adoxaceae family, is a deciduous shrub that reaches about 5 m in height and produces nearly black berries which are grown in clusters. S. nigra, elderberry, is widespread in Europe and it is usually processed into value-added food products, such as concentrates, syrups, jams. In addition, elderberry is known as a traditional remedy for various kinds of ailments. Mostly, S. nigra berries and juice are under study, while little information is so far available on elderberry pomace. Though, several authors predicated that S. nigra pomace could be a potential cheap and alternative source of natural bioactive non-polar and polar constituents for other, food, pharmaceutical or cosmetic industries. In this work, we have also attempted to establish to find evidence, which supporting the need to use S. nigra pomace for isolation valuable non-polar and polar constituents. For this reason, conventional and innovative, such as supercritical fluid extraction with CO2 (SFE-CO2), pressurized-liquid extraction and ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), were used for target compounds isolation. Innovative extraction methods were compared with conventional extraction methods, in order to find is it possible to shorten the extraction time, reduced solvents use, and increased target compounds yields. After extractions were explored and determined optimal SFE-CO2 parameters for isolation non-polar fraction from elderberry pomace after juice processing and was developed the best multi-step scheme for both, non-polar and polar, fractions isolation, fatty acid composition of non-polar extracts by GS-FID, in vitro antioxidant capacity (TPC, ABTS•+, ORAC, oxipres); volatile compounds profile of SFE-CO2 extract at optimal conditions (35 MPa, 53 °C; 105 min) by GS-MS and preliminary phytochemical composition by UPLC-QTOF-MS were determined for target non-polar and polar extracts. |
