| Abstract [eng] |
This study develops and tests a practical Digital Product Passport (DPP) solution for the fashion industry by combining durable QR-code labels on textiles with a simple, low-cost web system. The work responds to EU ESPR-related expectations that product information should be transparent, standardised, and available throughout the product lifecycle. A review of QR codes, RFID, and NFC shows that QR codes are the most appropriate option for consumer use because they are inexpensive, can be scanned with any smartphone, and require little supporting infrastructure, while RFID and NFC typically involve higher costs and more complex implementation.To examine performance under realistic conditions, an experimental programme assessed QR durability and long-term scannability on a 100% polyester knit fabric. Version 2 QR codes (25×25 modules) were produced in several physical sizes and applied using sublimation printing, heat transfer, and embroidery. The samples were exposed to domestic washing and tumble drying in line with ISO 6330 and to cyclic tensile loading in both fabric directions in line with ISO 20932-1. Readability was then evaluated using a controlled smartphone-scanning procedure consistent with ISO/IEC 15415 quality principles, supported by an ImageJ-based assessment of QR distortion.The findings show that long-term digital accessibility depends mainly on the application method and the minimum QR size. Sublimation remained reliably readable at sizes of 20 mm and above, and heat transfer stayed fully readable within the tested 30–50 mm range. Embroidery performed worst: readability decreased after mechanical loading and washing, and very small codes (10 mm) did not provide dependable scanning. Finally, a DPP prototype built with Google Sites, cloud-hosted data, and dynamic QR access demonstrated that structured product information can be presented clearly, updated in real time, and accessed across devices, offering a feasible pathway for cost-constrained SMEs. |
