| Abstract [eng] |
Due to their unique properties, lasers are an integral part of optical holography and optical lithography. Lasers also evolve various methods related to the diffractive structures formation, which defines their quality and usability. Diffraction structures formed by holographic methods are increasingly used in various fields, for example, in optical elements for military application, holographic data storage, in holographic topography, light guiding, advertisements, and holographic security elements. Application of holographic elements formed in polymeric materials is quite widespread: from elementary signs for permits, invitations, mass events tickets (concerts, performances, sport events, etc.) up to use in products for packaging decoration, excise and metrology marks, government securities, banknotes, identity cards and passports, visas and other strictly accountable document protection. The structure of holographic security elements depends on the application field. Complex structures of the elements with optically variable protective effects (microtext, optically variable tags, hidden items, etc.), are mostly intended for use in governmental controlling services. Meanwhile, relatively simple holographic elements of first security level, for example, different depths or variable color, are intended for distinguishing product forgeries for ordinary people. With free movement of goods, more and more goods are found with forged trademarks in the market. Improvement of security of holographic elements and equipment improves counterfeighting equipment; therefore, production companies experience huge losses. Consequently, development of unique forming methods of holographic diffraction structures suitable for security elements manufacturing is relevant to sustainable economic development. It is important to create an efficient, modern holographic diffraction structures for easy identification of counterfeits without additional equipment or means. |
