| Abstract [eng] |
Flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) is a valuable plant known for its nutritional and pharmacological properties, primarily due to its abundance of bioactive compounds such as lignans, phenols and unsaturated fatty acids. However, the natural concentrations of these metabolites are often insufficient for industrial use, and their accumulation is greatly influenced by genetic and environmental factors. In vitro culture methods, particularly the use of callus cultures, are a promising platform for enhancing the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites under controlled conditions. The aim of this study was to investigate the antioxidant activity and phytochemical compounds of flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) extracts obtained from in vitro callus cultures. The study evaluated the effects of physiologically active compounds – L-tryptophan, L-phenylalanine and melatonin – on flax seed callus cultures, in order to explore their biotechnological potential for the production of bioactive substances. The studies used callus cultures of flax roots, stems and leaves, which were grown in MS nutrient medium supplemented with various growth regulators and suppplements: 1-naphthylacetic acid, 6 benzylaminopurine, L-tryptophan, L-phenylalanine and melatonin. Spectrophotometric methods were used in the studies to assess antioxidant activity of flax: reducing power, FRAP, DPPH, ABTS methods, as well as various methods for determining the concentrations of phytochemical compounds. Callus cultures of flax have higher antioxidant activity than the control extract of flax grown in MS medium without growth regulators. In the obtained results, L-tryptophan provided greater antioxidant activity, although the use of melatonin also showed strong antioxidant protection. The lowest concentration of molondialdehyde were determined in extracts of flax callus cultures when the medium was supplemented with NAA (0.05 mg/L), BAP (0.5 mg/L) and L-tryptophan (0.5 mg/L). The studies determined that higher concentrations of proteins and phenolic compounds were obtained in extracts of callus cultures grown with NAA (0.05 mg/L); BAP (0.5 mg/L); L phenylalanine (1.25 g/L). When nutrient media were supplemented with L-tryptophan, led to elevated levels of superoxide dismutase, L-proline, phenolic acids, flavonoids, reduced glutathione, chlorophyll a, b and carotenoids. |
