| Abstract [eng] |
The Sun is the most powerful, unlimited, and free-of-charge energy source available to humankind, and, every year, large amounts of solar energy reach the Earth. For over 70 years, the solar cells technology has enabled consumers to produce energy in sustainable ways. Currently, Silicon solar cells are the most popular and most readily commercially available option. Nevertheless, their production is difficult due to the need for expensive raw materials and high energy consumption. To address these issues, scientists are exploring alternative options including hybrid solar cells made from organic and inorganic materials. One promising technology is perovskite solar cells which have the potential to reduce the cost of solar energy. PSC development began in 2009, and this technology has already achieved 27 % efficiency. Regardless, challenges remain, particularly with the stability of perovskite, which hinders commercialization, e. g., utilizing expensive organic semiconductors. Scientists are working on developing cheaper alternatives which could be synthesized through simpler methods so that to reduce the cost of solar cells. Along with perovskite solar cells, other types of devices have also been developed. The efficiencies of Sb2S3 SC are lower than those of perovskite devices; nevertheless, the stability of the absorbing layer is higher, and no toxic materials are used in the process of its manufacturing. The efficiency of these cells could be increased by using Spiro-OMeTAD or P3HT as HTM. In spite of that, these materials are not highly suitable for Sb2S3 SC due to their high cost, complicated synthesis, and ‘parasitic’ absorption. Based on the experience with perovskite solar cells, it is evident that a properly chosen HTM can enhance the solar cell efficiency. This thesis presents six groups of materials containing fluorenyl and carbazolyl chromophores, exploring their influence on thermal, optical, and photoelectrical properties. Finally, new organic semiconductors were applied to the construction of perovskite and antimony sulfide solar cells, in many cases achieving better stability of the devices. Moreover, utilizing compounds with one fluorenyl chromophore and one or two thiophene moieties in antimony sulfide solar cell led to higher efficiency compared to that of benchmark P3HT. |
