| Abstract [eng] |
The objects of research of this study are space probes that orbits Sun or its systems bodies and rovers or stationary machines, located at the surface of such bodies. Following research is oriented to photovoltaic and nuclear energy systems, its capability of electrical energy generation and use. Study mainly focus on analysis of energy obtained by photovoltaic energy systems. The topic of research of this study is relevant to the parties that plans or already does space exploration or commercial space orders, such as communication or spy satellites engineering. Likewise, to the companies that are working towards space tourism (e.g. Bigelow Aerospace) and space industry (e.g. Blue Origin) or developing plans of setting foot on the surface of Mars (e.g. NASA or SpaceX). In the methodical part of this study a consecutive derivation of formulas, used in the investigative part, are introduced. A derivation of body equation of motion and a derivation of day and night length equations, are based on geocentric model assumption. Calculations of atmospheric attenuation are based on the data from HITRAN database of spectrometry. MATLAB and GAMS mathematical modelling platforms are being used for analysis performed in this study. To achieve a higher accuracy, calculations are performed using five significant digits (where it is possible) and approximating assumptions in formulas derivations are omitted. Results are given mainly for strategically important objects, distances and locations. For a better perception of outcome, results are often compared. The following research is performed in this study: solar irradiance dependence on the distance between Sun and natural body or artificial probe; amount of energy dependence on geographic latitude and orbital location of the body, on which surface this energy is being extracted; orbital night (eclipse) length dependence on orbital parameters of spacecraft and body that this spacecraft orbits; atmospheric attenuation influence to the sunlight that reaches Earth and Mars surface; comparison of photovoltaic and radioisotope energy systems; analysis of sunlight energy that reaches potential Mars surface locations for habitable Mars workshop and colony. |
