| Abstract [eng] |
The text is defined as a well structured unit with particular subject, arguments and sentences with main and dependent clauses. Each dependent clause explains and gives specific information about the main clause. All clauses are classified to certain types of clauses. One of them is purpose clauses that explains detailed facts why a particular object is used or why a certain action is takes place. Another type of clauses – reason clauses. They are used to express the reason of using one object or doing a particular action. Purpose and reason clauses are used in all text styles but every single text style has specific defining stylistic devices. The scientific functional style employs long, informative and detailed sentences. The main object of the sentence is indicated with it’s operating time, actions, the precise reason of object or action happening and it’s purpose. In today’s world robotics is not a new thing but if texts of robotics are poorly written it is not clear what is the main idea of the text. Robotics is closely related with mechatronics because areas include mechanical engineering, electronics, computer engineering. If a text is written well and contains detailed information, it is easier to perform specified actions. This is the main reason why purpose and reason sentences are common in the scientific functional style. These sentences express close relation between all parts of the sentence and help to keep the consistency of the text and the order of actions. Mechatronic’s texts should be consistent, accurate, indicate time interval, express cause-effect, show the exact purspose of the sentence, because books include many schemes, equations, formulas and drawings. However, some parts of analysed texts lack these features. This is the main reason why mechatronics texts are analysed. The object of this final paper is the competition of purpose and reason sentences in Lithuanian and English mechatronics texts. The objective of this thesis is to investigate the competition and expression of purpose and reason sentences in Lithuanian and English mechatronics texts. With the reference to the thesis objective, goals are: to discuss language as a system, the expression methods in the Lithuanian and the English languages; to introduce stylistic usage of purpose and reason sentences in Lithuanian and English; to analyse the competition, expression and usage of purpose and reason sentences in Lithuanian and English mechatronics texts. This final paper consists of three parts: a theoretical framework, a methodological part and practical analysis. The expression possibilities of purpose and reason sentences are described in the theoretical part according to Lithuanian (Apanavičiūtė 2010; Bielinskienė, Kazlauskienė, Rimkutė, Tamošiūnaitė 2014; Judžentis 2010) and foreign (Palazon, Aleson 2007; Schmidke-Bode 2009; Jones 1991) authors. Competition possibilities are also presented in the same part. Purpose and reason sentences are taken from Lithuanian and English books of mechatronics. In order to reach the objective of final paper contrastive, comparative, quantitative and descriptive research methods are used. Practical analysis consists of three parts. To get clear perspective of the competition and expression of purpose and reason sentences, Lithuanian and English purpose and reason sentences were separately analyzed. This allowed to observe similarities and differences in the expression and competition of purpose and reason sentences in analysed Lithuanian and English mechatronics books. According to practical research, the most command way to express purpose in Lithuanian mechatronics book is noun combination, while reason – conjunction. Conjunctions have additional conational meaning which allows to convey reason without extra effort and competition of other text elements, while in purpose sentences there is a competition between noun dative case and infinitive. As in English mechatronics book purpose is mostly expressed with infinitive, reason – conjunctions. This proves that conjunctions can give extra information before real reason is provided. Infinitive gives the clear view about the purpose of an object or action. After practical analysis some conclusions are drawn. Conclusions are made according to the goals of this paper. Firstly, language is connected with cognitive thinking and perception of the world. The addresser chooses in which way and what information to provide. Language is restricted by rules and the addresser should take that into consideration before giving needed information. Lithuanian is synthetic language and this is the reason Lithuanian uses different noun cases to express purpose and reason links between elements of sentence. While, English is analytic language which means that it has fixed word order and links between elements of sentences are expressed with conjunctions, modal verbs and prepositions. Secondly, the usage of purpose and reason sentences depends on functional style. Administrative and scientific texts have more nouns because nouns provide more static view on text and give more detailed information. Noun combinations are common in scientific Lithuanian and English texts, because it is important to mark the main reason and purpose of action or objects this. Finally, the purpose is mostly expressed by noun combinations in Lithuanian mechatronics book. The competition can be seen between nouns and infinitive. Depending if there is an objective in the sentence, the participle is added to the infinitive or noun combination is used in dative case. Conjunctions are widely used to express reason. Variety of conjunctions allows to clearly distinguish reason sentences. The competition is felt when the reason is expressed with prepositional combination where prepositions are used with genitive noun case. Reason is also expressed with wide variety of conjunctions in English mechatronics book. Conjunctions because, since, for, as, so are used depending on the sentence and context. Each conjunction gives additional details about reason in advance. The infinitive is the command way to state the purpose in English mechatronics book. The infinitive creates close bond with main and dependent element, because it indicates the exact purpose and this is the reason why the infinitive cannot compete with any other expression of purpose. The place of purpose and reason sentences depends on which clause needs to be emphasized. The main clause is put after the dependent clause if there is a reference of an object or action in previously written sentence. The length of purpose and reason sentences depends on how much information is needed. If the necessary information is mentioned in previous sentence, there will be only the reference of it in purpose and reason sentences. |
