| Abstract [eng] |
The growing focus on sustainability and comfort in buildings is encouraging new opportunities to implement these ideas. More and more researchers and practitioners are focusing not only on sustainable and comfortable design of new buildings, but also on sustainable renovation of existing buildings to ensure a good indoor microclimate. Cultural heritage buildings are continuously being renovated to preserve and maintain them, and the use of Building Heritage Information Modelling (HBIM) technology in renovation is increasing. Although, as the results of the literature analysis show, HBIM technology is so far mainly used to reconstruct the geometry of the structure, the model is not further used for energy or life-cycle analyses. The aim of this study is to identify the benefits of digital tools for the maintenance and sustainability of microclimate conditions in heritage buildings. The developed model is used in life cycle and microclimate studies using digital tools. The cultural heritage building selected for the study is the house of Miko and Kipras Petrauskas in Kaunas. The building was designed in 1924 and renovated in 2008. In 2001 the building was included in the Lithuanian cultural heritage list. The building is characterised by its inter-war architecture and the main structures consist of reinforced concrete elements, silicate brickwork, metal and wooden beams. Based on a photogrammetric model defining the external contours of the building, a laser scanning model defining the internal contours and the available material for the renovation project, an information model of the building is created. The reliability of the developed building information model is assessed by comparing the volume, length, height and width values of the model with those of the photogrammetric model. Also, the in-site data collected during the warm and cold seasons in the building under analysis, analysed during the study, reveal the problem of relative humidity during the cold season. During the cold season, the average relative humidity is 31,5% and does not meet the minimum regulated values. Using the developed HBIM model, the relative humidity problem is solved using the digital IDA ICE tool. Simulations of the building's microclimate were made by selecting a ventilation system with different types of heat exchanger and an additional humidification section. According to the data obtained, the best results are achieved by installing a ventilation unit with a humidification section, with an average relative humidity of 45,5 %. The life cycle analysis for the whole building and the renovated part of the building shows corresponding CO2e emissions of 357.8 t and 108.6 t respectively. The most polluting materials used during the renovation were found, with concrete accounting for 33,7 % of the total emissions, and aluminium partitioning and parquet flooring accounting for 21,4 % and 14,3 % of the total emissions generated during the renovation. Replacing the materials used in the renovation with more sustainable materials with the same or similar properties reduced the total amount of pollution generated by 24 tonnes or 22 %. The study demonstrates the usefulness and applicability of the HBIM and can be used as a good practice for similar studies or for the practical application of the described methods. |
