| Is Part of |
Матеріали XХIV міжнародної науково-практичної конференції «Екологія. Людина. Суспільство», (5 червня 2024 p., Київ, Україна) = Handbook of the ХХІV international science conference „Ecology. Human. Society“, (June 5, 2024 Кyiv, Ukraine).. Kyiv : Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute. 2024, p. 169-175.. ISSN 2710-3315 |
| Abstract [eng] |
Waste Printed Circuit Boards (WPCBs) are integral components of virtually all electrical and electronic equipment (EEE), forming the structural backbone of the electronics industry. Classified into single-sided, double-sided, multilayer, rigid, and flexible boards, WPCBs are composed of various electronic components including semiconductors, transistors, and capacitors, which complicates their recycling due to diverse material compositions. Approximately 40% of PCB mass is metallic, 30% plastic, and 30% organic material, with metals predominantly constituted by copper. The recycling process involves multiple stages, including shredding and separation to extract valuable metals and electronic components. Shredding, employing technologies like hammer mills, is critical for effective metal recovery. Advanced methods, such as infrared heater-based automatic removal systems, have been developed for efficient electronic component separation, ensuring minimal environmental impact. Mechanical and physical processing techniques focus on the extraction of valuable metals like gold, silver, palladium, and copper while recognizing the potential of the non-metallic fraction. Chemical processing using inorganic acids, such as nitric and sulfuric acid, along with oxidative leaching agents, has proven effective for metal recovery. Innovative methods, including the use of aqua regia for gold leaching, have demonstrated high recovery rates. This comprehensive approach to WPCB recycling underscores the importance of integrating mechanical, physical, and chemical processes to achieve sustainable, efficient, and environmentally friendly recycling outcomes. |
