| Abstract [eng] |
Technological advances offer many opportunities, with hard manual labour being replaced by robots, information more easily accessible than ever, and connections between countries becoming a matter of hours. This constant simplification of human life is changing not only the way people live their daily lives, but also the way they think. The rate of technological obsolescence is becoming extremely rapid: the processors of last year are not capable of achieving the high performance and efficiency of their new counterparts. This rapid development of processors and other technologies not only increases the amount and speed of information, but also encourages people to consume. Consumption in excess not only leads to environmental damage, but also makes human life more difficult. In response to the rise of the capitalist system and the rapid spread of innovation, a Neo-Luddite movement emerges. It criticises existing systems, calls on people to critically evaluate technology, think globally and make changes. The aim of this paper is to examine the key principles and philosophical foundations of Neo-Luddism. Technology is an integral part of the modern world, but the long-term effects on the environment, society and the individual are rarely considered. This paper seeks to clarify the reasons for the emergence of New Luddism, the principles it posits, and to identify and describe the philosophical foundations of this movement. It also attempts to discern the manifestation of this movement in social life and to assess its activities in the contemporary world. Neo-Luddism emerged at the end of the 20th century as an attempt to modernise the Luddite movement of the previous century. The aggressive breaking of machines to achieve fair wages is replaced by a decentralised movement critical of technology, its development and the capitalist system. Neo-Luddism emphasises the damage that technology does to the environment and to human mental health, and therefore proposes to replace the capitalist system with a smaller, more community and people-centred economy. Seeing the dangers of such technologies (nuclear, chemical, gene mutation), the response of the new luddism is to destroy these devices as soon as they have not destroyed us. In view of the dangers of the new technologies, the call is for a return to simpler, human-serving technologies. The anarchist followers of this movement are taking the damage caused by technology more seriously and are taking radical steps such as cyber-attacks or even terror attacks. The Neo-Luddism promotes the idea that a rational critique of technology and an assessment of its benefits, consequences and the reason for its creation should be the most important concern of modern man. Seeing the influence of the capitalist system, for the neo-Luddites the way out of this is education and the conscious use of devices. The movement's main philosophical underpinnings criticize technological determinism and believe that humans should shape technology, not the other way around. Awareness of the environmental damage caused by devices, the social problems created by technology and the ideas of human flourishing are the other foundations of the movement. The work is divided into 3 main parts, which look at the origins of the Luddite movement and its aims, discuss the emergence of neo-Luddism and the principles it posits, describe the main philosophical foundations of the movement, mention neo-Luddism's activities in contemporary society and review neo-Luddite activities and texts. |
