| Abstract [eng] |
Solid shampoos are products designed to gently cleanse the scalp without the irritating chemicals often found in liquid shampoos. Liquid shampoos use sulphates, ethoxylated compounds, which are not suitable for scalps with seborrhoeic, atopic dermatitis or hypersensitivity. These substances not only irritate the scalp but also dry out the hair and damage its appearance. In addition, solid shampoo formulations use little to no water and packaging is minimal, reducing plastic waste. The aim of this project is to prepare solid shampoos for sensitive scalp and dry hair and to characterise their properties. Forty-eight intermediate compositions have been developed to obtain the solid shampoos. Compositions should include: 20-30 percent sodium lauryl sulphoacetate, 20-30 percent sodium alkyl sulphates, 2,4-5,4 percent cetearyl alcohol, 1,5 percent cocamidopropyl betaine, 2 percent shea butter, 1 percent grape seed oil, 1 percent sunflower oil , 1 percent cocoa butter, 1 percent alkyl polyglycosides, 0,9 percent phenoxyethanol, 0,1 percent ethylhexylglycerol, 0,6 percent behenetrimonium methosulphate, 0,75 percent citric acid, and water up to 100 percent. The percentage of sodium alkyl sulphates, sodium lauryl sulphoacetate, cetearyl alcohol and glycerol in the formulations was found to influence the hardness of the shampoos. The optimal solid shampoo composition is 30 percent sodium lauryl sulphoacetate, 20 percent sodium alkyl sulphates, 10 percent glycerol and 4,4 percent cetearyl alcohol. The hardness of the solid shampoo with brown algae extract was found to be 30,18±0,17 N and that of the solid shampoo with amino acids to be 31,23±0,28 N. Specialised shampoos have good foamability with foam volume of more than 100 cm3. The specialised shampoos have good cleaning properties, make the hair soft and do not damage the hair cuticle. In addition, they moisturise the skin. The increase in moisture after washing the skin with solid shampoo containing amino acids is 8,09±4 percent and with solid shampoo containing brown algae extract – 15,44±6 percent. |
