| Abstract [eng] |
Migration and income inequality are relevant topics these days. Their relevance only increases during the times of various shocks: wars in nearby territories, economic crises, etc. In 2020, one in 30 of the world's population is classified as a migrant. Historically, the topic of migration is strongly related to economic and social development. One of the characteristics of a developed country is the living conditions, which are directly related to the income received, so the question arises whether there is a connection between international migration and income inequality in the country. Since migration is strongly influenced by other factors - geographical location, political decisions (temporary residence permits, visas, etc.) and the example of one country is not suitable for drawing conclusions about the relationships between indicators - the European Union countries were chosen for the study. A number of authors analyze the relationship between international migration and income inequality in research, and they claim that there is a relationship between these indicators, but there is still a lack of research analyzing the direction and connections of this relationship in individual countries. The aim of this paper is to assess the relationship between income inequality and international migration in the countries of the European Union. In the first chapter, a literature analysis is carried out, the concepts of income inequality and migration, and studies analyzing the links between these indicators are discussed. The second chapter presents the research methods and the data used in the research, while the third chapter presents and summarizes the results of the research. The research shows trends that there is a reciprocal relationship between income inequality and international migration. Income inequality has a positive causal relationship with immigration and a negative causal relationship with emigration, i.e. as income inequality increases, immigration to the country increases and emigration decreases. Meanwhile, immigration affects income inequality negatively and emigration - positively, i.e. a growing number of immigrants reduces income inequality, while growing emigration increases income inequality. |
