| Abstract [eng] |
Temperature spikes caused by climate change are becoming more common in heat waves and increasing average ambient temperatures. Buildings that’s not being built regardless of future climate scenarios are at risk of overheating and causing discomfort or health-related problems for the people living in them. One of the main reasons for overheating of the premises is the improper placement of glazed areas in the building, as well as failure to protect those areas from direct sunlight. Articles on how buildings should be designed according to the climate scenarios of Lithuania wasn’t found, so the main passive cooling measures used in the projects and their effectiveness considering the climate scenario of today and the future are examined. During the literature review, it was found that the average summer temperature in Lithuania until 2050 year will increase by 1.7 oC, and the number of sunny days increased by 14.2 hours over a 5-year period. The study reviews the analysis of the literature, during which the causes of overheating of the premises, the main means of passive cooling, and their effectiveness were determined. In order to determine the effectiveness of passive cooling measures, a numerical model was created whitch reliability was determined during natural tests. A residential building, located in the Kaunas district, was chosen as the research object. After checking the reliability of the numerical model by means of correlation, different variants of passive cooling measures were created, and their results compared with the future climate scenario. During the numerical studies, the following cooling measures were examined: canopies, vertical walls, awnings, internal and external blinds, different types of roofs, the influence of glass packages, the influence of external objects, ventilated facades, and buildings with non-ventilated shelters. It was found that under future climate scenarios, the currently applied cooling measures become ineffective, as the average indoor temperature does not drop below 26 oC during the hottest month. In order to achieve a lower temperature, it is necessary to install a shelter, a ventilated facade, and change the arrangement of windows, but such changes to the building would require significant costs, so solar architecture must be taken into account in the first stages of building design. In order to be able to see the benefits of different passive cooling measures, an economic evaluation of the cooling energy needs has been carried out. It has been established that by applying suitable cooling measures, it is possible to reduce energy consumption and costs for indoor cooling up to 90% in the case of today's climate or up to 68 % considering the future climate scenario, when the indoor temperature is maintained at no higher than 25 oC. The research determined the effectiveness of different passive cooling measures, as well as the usefulness of energy consumption. The importance of designing buildings with solar architecture is emphasized by presenting the results of numerical studies. The main means of passive cooling and future trends are presented, which are recommended for the design of new buildings. |
