| Abstract [eng] |
The modern world can no longer be imagined without a large number of interconnected and interdependent technological influences that implement the mechanism of certain decisions. The relevance of the topic is due to the fact that the influence of propaganda on human thinking in social media, manipulation and inducement to illegal behavior is a serious threat to both the information and national security of states, which requires detailed study for possible prediction and counteraction. During the work on the project, previous studies on this topic were analyzed. Similar issues were studied by: Wang, Guess, Lyons, Izuma, Haslam, Reicher, Eder, Hollander, Turowetz, Mitschke, Laurens, Ballot, Götz, Cotterill, Huynh, and others. However, the influence of propaganda in social media remains an insufficiently studied threat to the information security of the state, which does not allow it to be fully predicted or adequately counteracted. The first chapter provides a theoretical overview and analyze basic concepts such as misinformation, disinformation, malinformation, propaganda, conformism. For a better understanding of the nature of the influence of propaganda, the results of classical and modern psychological and sociological experiments and studies were studied: Zimbardo's Stanford Prison Experiment, Asch's experiments on conformity, an experiment with Koltech students and reference groups, Götz's experiment with destruction Zhukov, a study among American Twitter users about the possibility of changing political preferences. After this, a generalized analytical scheme for the functioning of propaganda was developed. It has been established that the list of main elements of propaganda includes: uniting a group to activate conformal behavior, creating the illusion of an external threat and dehumanizing the enemy, persuasion in the form of a consistent shift in the scope of the morally permissible spectrum of public opinion, limitation of information space. The second chapter describes the methodology. Based on the proposed scheme, the third chapter carried out a comparative analysis of propaganda in the periods before and after the advent of social media, using the example of propaganda in Nazi Germany (mid-20th century) and in modern Russia (early 21st century). It is concluded that after the digitalization of society, the general scheme for constructing large-scale propaganda campaigns has remained the same, but the dissemination of information in the modern world is faster and reaches a larger audience, including in the international arena. Due to natural psychological and biological mechanisms, most people tend to be influenced by propaganda, despite access to various sources of information thanks to the development of the Internet and social media. |
