| Abstract [eng] |
In order to grow large and high-quality crops, it is appropriate to use fertilizers. One of the problems fertilizer industry is facing is that it uses non-renewable resources. In order to reduce the consumption of raw materials and increase their efficiency, fertilizer industry is looking for a way to process by-products and waste (of both mineral and organic origin) into plant nutrients. To achieve this, industry is taking in to account the principles of circular economy and zero-waste production, which are based on designing modern technologies in such a way that the amount of waste is reduced and that energy wouldn‘t be wasted. In this case, the exchange reaction of potassium chloride and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate in aqueous solutions is considered. The potassium dihydrophosphate, which formed during the reaction, is filtered, while the post-crystallization solution remains in the filtrate. This master's work examines the possibility of using the post-crystallization solution for the production of liquid complex fertilizers. To achieve this goal, the concentrations of plant nutrients and chlorine in the post-crystallization solution and its chemical – physical properties were evaluated. Taking into account the need to increase concentration of nitrogen in the post-crystallization solution, studies were conducted during which influence of different nitrogen compounds to the crystallization temperature of the post-crystallization solution were observed. Research with micronutrient additives were carried out using the same principle. Studies have also been carried out, during which lupine (lupinus polyphyllus) were used to prepare solutions (as organic nitrogen additives), which would be easily compatible with the post-crystallization solution. The concentration of plant nutrients in liquid complex fertilizers and their chemical – physical properties were tested. Based on the results of these studies, an agrochemical efficiency study was conducted, during which spring wheats were fertilized. After cutting off the seedlings, the number of plants and leaves were counted, the height of the leaves were measured, while the dry weight of the plants and the amount of ash (mineral substances) were evaluated. Fertilizers effect on the soil‘s pH was also evaluated. The technological scheme of production of liquid complex fertilizers with micronutrients was presented in this work. Mass balance calculations to produce 1 ton of liquid complex fertilizers with microelements were performed. Taking into account the chemicals used in the production of liquid complex fertilizers, risks to the safety and health of workers were evaluated. |
