| Abstract [eng] |
Biophilia, according to Erich Fromm, is innate affiliation of humans with all living things. Biophilic design is tending to take an increasingly important place in our lives, renewing this connection with nature and using natural forms, design elements and principles in architecture. The detachment of contemporary person or child from nature has a negative impact on mental and emotional health, which is why it is necessary to fundamentally transform, first and foremost, educational environments. Education, as a rapidly evolving birthright of each of us, can make excellent use of all the principles of biophilia in the design of schools of the future. A biophilic school, designed or adapted to modern educational trends and inclusive education, responding to the needs of each child and integrating natural elements into the learning spaces, can become part of today's education system. This research explores schools with biophilic features and looks for these elements in historic, modernised or newly designed schools, taking into account the needs of children and assessing expert insights. Educational environments designed based on biophilic design principles bring people closer to nature by reducing stress, reducing noise, breaking down boundaries between the building and the surrounding environment, transforming the interior spaces and making the learning environment attractive, welcoming, and stimulating. The exploration of nature will occur naturally, as an integral part of the learning process in the school of the future created using biophilic design principles. The choice to reconstruct typical school building of the Soviet era according to biophilic design principles aims at the involvement of society in the sustainable transformation and use of existing educational buildings, based on a continuous human connection with nature. The school, reconstructed according to the principles of biophilia, becomes a multifunctional educational institution, timeless and open to community initiatives, where education takes place not only in the classroom, but also in outdoor spaces. It is a school project with transparent zones, where individual work is given special attention, and the central axis is the courtyard, a place for community events and gatherings. The building is redesigned by introducing more daylight into the gloomy corridors, by organising the functional zoning and by changing the use of the building's energy resources. The solutions of the reconstructed typical school, according to the biophilic principles of school design, become an aspirational model and pilot project for most typical schools. |
