| Abstract [eng] |
As the pollution of water increases, more attention is paid to ecology, and environmental requirements are becoming stricter. For more than half a century, polysaccharides such as starch have been increasingly used in water treatment. Starch is one of the most common natural polysaccharides; it is abundant in various agricultural waste, so it could be used in the non-food industry to produce added-value products. In this dissertation, the degree of crosslinking of modified starch obtained from various plants was evaluated by different methods. This gives more knowledge to use starch from various plants in the production of sorbents. Such derivatives can be applied in the adsorption of pharmaceutical active compound – ibuprofen. In this work, for the first time, cross-linked cationic starch was applied for ibuprofen adsorption, and its sorption capacity exceeds 550 mg/g. More information is provided on the morphological and chemical properties of cationic starch, the synthesis of which uses compounds containing Ca2+ ions. Due to the addition of Ca2+ ions, the efficiency of the cationic starch etherification reaction increases up to 100%, soluble and biodegradable cationic starch was obtained, and the duration of etherification reaction shortened by half. Starch derivatives were used in coagulation/flocculation processes to thicken sewage sludge and separate microalgae. A technology for the production of soluble and biodegradable cationic starch coagulant/flocculant was proposed. The most effective starch derivatives with a degree of substitution of 0.25 ± 0.03 can partially replace synthetic flocculants in water treatment. |
