| Abstract [eng] |
This final master's project examines a very important part of the mining industry – rock blasting by civil use explosives. In this case we examined ammonium nitrate emulsion affected by a chemical reaction. The literary review discusses emulsion systems, their structures and stability. The rheological characteristics of emulsion systems are considered such as the dynamic viscosity and the size of suspended droplets. The physical properties and the chemical reaction of ammonium nitrate emulsion are also described to produce an explosive and summarize the peculiarities and uses of the production process. Also, the main raw material – ammonium nitrate as well as its properties are described. The experimental part describes the production of the dispersed phase, the continuous phase and ammonium nitrate emulsion under laboratory conditions. The effect of the dispersed phase additives: calcium nitrate, tartaric acid and thiourea in the final product has been identified. The viscosity of the continuous phase by changing the components, their relationships and the influence on ammonium nitrate emulsion was dehe sttermined. The dynamic viscosity, density and rheological properties of ammonium nitrate emulsion have been studied. A chemical reaction of ammonium nitrate emulsion was carried out to produce a product of explosive nature. Based on the results a recipe for the production of ammonium nitrate emulsion has been developed. The engineering part describes in detail the production of ammonium nitrate emulsion, which consists of periodic productions of the dispersed phase and the continuous phase and their constant mixing to make the final product. Calculations were made, according to the selected parameters of the devices, for a smooth execution of the process. A detailed technological scheme for the production of ammonium nitrate emulsion has been drawn up. In the safety and health section we investigate personal protective equipment when working with hazardous chemicals was discussed. Also, the proper actions of people in emergency situations, first aid measures, fire-fighting measures and safe storage of ammonium nitrate emulsion were identified. The last part presents the results and conclusions of the work. |
