| Abstract [eng] |
In this master's final degree project a feasibility study of Hybrid solar Energy transformation and heat pump System for Group of Buildings remote from district heating Network has been carried out. The aim of the work is to analyze the Energy needs of a Group of Buildings remote from district heating Network by applying a Hybrid photovoltaic solar / thermal transformation element and heat pump System to determine technical, environmental and economic indicators. The use of such technologies can lead to better housing quality, a healthier living environment and a long-term reduction in Energy consumption, and the results of this work can have a positive impact on practical applicability and can be beneficial from both an environmental and a social point of view. The tasks of the work reflect the structure of the whole work: first of all, the literature on the Energy supply of Buildings, the available latest and promising technologies using renewable Energy sources was reviewed. This review has shown that a Hybrid photovoltaic solar / thermal transformation element and heat pump System, by its nature and application of renewable Energy sources, can be classified as the latest (4th and 5th) generation of technologies whose concept can be used to develop future Energy Systems. It can also be said that the mentioned System has a wide range of applicability and a variety of modifications, and it is also efficient both technically and economically. Finally, the use of these technologies are being effectively regulated, making the use of Hybrid photovoltaic solar / thermal transformation element and heat pump Systems increasingly attractive to consumers. In the methodological part the selection of the research methodology for the evaluation of the applicability of the Hybrid photovoltaic solar / thermal transformation element and heat pump System has been described. It can be stated that the chosed methodology – software “Polysun” is the most suitable for the analysis of meeting Energy demand of a newly built Group of Buildings for the application of Hybrid photovoltaic solar / thermal transformation element and heat pump System. The information models for the Group of Buildings of the mentioned System based on the established modeling criteria are presented in the research part for two variants: maximum Energy consumption from the Network with minimum Energy generation and maximum Autonomy. From these variants, the most optimal ones has been determined through technical, environmental and economic evaluation by performing comparative, life-cycle cost and sensitivity analyzes. The obtained results showed that the System of maximum Autonomy, which has been modeled according to the established criteria, is a more optimal variant in practically all aspects compared to the System of maximum Energy consumption from the Network. From a technical point of view, in terms of self-sufficiency of electricity, the latter System is not only able to meet the needs of consumers, but also to transmit a significant part of the electricity produced to the grid, which can generate significant revenues and speed up the System's payback. Also, the maximum Autonomy Energy supply circuit is more efficient – the efficiency values are almost twice as high. Finally, the System of maximum Autonomy is less polluting, according to the results obtained. The latter System is also more attractive from an economic point of view: a life-cycle cost analysis has shown that the net present value is higher than the System of maximum Energy consumption from the Network. However, in both cases the net present value is less than zero, which shows the economic unattractiveness of the Systems for investment, but this could be avoided by giving more incentives to expensive equipment, more support initiatives and even more efficient financing mechanisms. Nevertheless, it can be stated that the technical capacities of the Hybrid photovoltaic solar / thermal transformation element and heat pump System are sufficient enough to ensure the Energy needs of new buildings in Lithuania. |
